Evaluation of the effects of bruxism on oral health-related quality of life in adults.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bruxism on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adults in relation to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). METHODS: Three hundred-fifteen adults of both sexes were divided into two groups: bruxers (n = 172) and controls (n = 143). The participants with TMD were divided into three subgroups based on myofascial pain, disc displacement, or both. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to assess OHRQoL. RESULTS: Bruxers had poorer OHRQoL than controls, and the highest mean OHIP-14 domain scores were observed in physical pain. Bruxers with TMD had higher total OHIP-14 scores and individual domain scores than those without TMD. Bruxers without TMD demonstrated higher OHIP-14 scores than controls. CONCLUSION: Bruxism was associated with poor OHRQoL. Where bruxism was accompanied by TMD, OHRQoL could be more negatively affected. The presence of bruxism without TMD was also associated with poor OHRQoL.

Shear bond strengths of five porcelain repair systems to zirconia infrastructures.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of five porcelain repair systems on shear bond strength in composite and zirconia infrastructures and to identify the bond failure mode after thermocycling. Materials and methods: Disk-shaped zirconia samples (n=50) were divided into five groups (n=10) according to repairing system type. Each repair system was applied to the zirconium samples and a hybrid composite was used for repairing. Shear bond testing of all groups was carried out using a universal testing machine after thermocycling. Results: Repair systems demonstrated no significant difference in repairing zirconia except Single Bond. Single Bond was the weakest in repairing the infrastructures. The highest and lowest mean bond strength values for the zirconia groups were 18,91 MPa and 3,63 MPa, respectively. Conclusion: The three repair systems, Ivoclar, Clearfil, and Bisco, were more effective than the Single Bond and Ultradent repair systems in repairing zirconia, and their bond failure modes were both mixed and adhesive.

Cultural Viewpoints of Nursing Students on Patient Privacy: A Qualitative Study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the feelings, thoughts, perceptions and cultural standpoint of nursing students concerning patient privacy. This study was conducted as a qualitative descriptive design. The homogeneous sampling method, purposive sampling method for qualitative research samples, was used to determine the study group. Data were collected from 17 nursing students at a state university in Turkey. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, and content analysis was used to analyze data. Three main themes emerged from the data: perception of privacy, factors affecting patient privacy and suggested solutions. Four sub-categories emerged: religion, gender, culture and reassuring communication. The perceptions of many of the students relating to the concept of privacy coincided with the concepts of confidentiality and all kinds of information concerning the patient. It was seen that the most effective intervention among the students' solution proposals to ensure privacy was the necessity to make physical improvements in hospitals.

Lymphoma Predisposing Gene in an Extended Family: CD70 Signaling Defect.

Genome-wide sequencing studies in pediatric cancer cohorts indicate that about 10% of patients have germline mutations within cancer predisposition genes. Within this group, primary immune deficiencies take the priority regarding the vulnerability of the patients to infectious agents and the difficulties of cancer management. On the other hand, early recognition of these diseases may offer specific targeted therapies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as an option. Besides therapeutic benefits, early diagnosis will provide genetic counseling for the family members. Within this context, an extended family with multiple consanguineous marriages and affected individuals, who presented with combined immune deficiency (CID) and/or Hodgkin lymphoma phenotype, were examined by exome sequencing. A pathogenic homozygous missense CD70 variation was detected (NM_001252.5:c332C>T) in concordance with CD70 phenotype and familial segregation was confirmed. CD70 variations in patients with CID and malignancy have very rarely been reported. This paper reports extended family with multiple affected members with CID and malignancy carrying a missense CD70 variation, and reviews the rare cases reported in the literature. Primary immune deficiencies appear to be a potential cause for pediatric cancers. Better focusing on these inborn disorders to prevent or make an early diagnosis of malignant transformation and reduce mortalities is important.

The Effect of Different Combinations of Surface Treatments and Bonding Agents on the Shear Bond Strength Between Titanium Alloy and Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic.

In order to obtain a more-natural esthetic prothesis, the use of hybrid abutments is becoming widespread in implant dentistry. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of different surface treatments, as well as the effects of different combinations of surface treatments and cementation protocols, on the shear bond strength between titanium alloy disks and lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. Forty titanium-alloy disks (4 × 6.6 mm) were fabricated using computer-aided designed/computer-assisted manufacturing, and an identical number of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic disks of similar sizes were fabricated by a heat-pressing technique to be attached to the titanium disks. The specimens from each material group were divided into two groups (n = 20 each) according to the surface treatment type: alumina airborne-particle abrasion or etching with hydrofluoric acid. Each group was then divided into two subgroups (n = 10) depending on the resin-cement type: Multilink Hybrid Abutment Cement (Ivoclar Vivadent) or PANAVIA SA Cement Plus (Kuraray). After thermocycling (5,000 cycles), a shear bond strength (SBS) test was conducted using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of one-way analysis of variance and unpaired tests (P < .05). Statistically, the highest SBS values were obtained using airborne-particle abrasion. The surface treatment of titanium alloys by sandblasting led to a higher SBS compared to etching with hydrofluoric acid. The cement type also had a significant influence on SBS results.

Assessing the caring behaviours and occupational professional attitudes of nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To determine nurses' caring attributes and professionalism.. METHODS: The descriptive study was conducted between January and July 2015 in two university hospitals in two Turkish cities and located in two state hospitals belonging to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey. Data was gathered using nurse introduction form, caring behaviours inventory-24 and the inventory of professionalattitude at occupation. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.0. RESULTS: Of the 360 subjects, 316(87.8%) were female and 177(49.2%) worked in intensive care units. The overall mean age was 30.83}8.02 years. The mean CBI-24 score was 5.20}0.6, and the mean IPAO score 137.39}16.29. A statistically significant difference was found among caring behaviours point average and the institution, age, workexperience, clinic where they worked and their working position (p<0.05 each). Institutional work environmentaffected professional attitude of nurses (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' caring attributes and professional levels were high..

Investigation of the effect of the virtual reality application on experimental pain severity in healthy.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual reality application on experimental ischemic pain created with a blood pressure instrument in healthy volunteers. METHODS: The research sample consisted of 172 volunteer adult students who conformed to the inclusion criteria. These individuals were assigned into an experimental (n=86) and a control group (n=86) by a simple randomization method. All individuals in the experimental and control groups wereexperimentally subjected to pain for two minutes by applying 260 mmHg of pressure 3-4 cm above the antecubital region of the left arm with an aneroid adult-type blood pressure instrument. During the procedure, the volunteers in the experimental group watched virtual reality images, while those in the control group received no intervention. Immediately after the procedure, the pain levels of the individuals in both groups were assessed with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS: We found that the mean pain score of the individuals in the experimental group was 2.62±1.82, and that of individuals in the control group was 5.75±1.65. Results of the statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the mean pain scores of the individuals in the experimental and control groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study found that the use of virtual reality was effective in reducing the level of pain in healthy individuals. This method used a smartphone with widespread availability and ease of transportation, which can be used by health professionals as a non-pharmacological method in the management of pain.

Investigation of the effect of the virtual reality application on experimental pain severity in healthy

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual reality application on experimental ischemic pain created with a blood pressure instrument in healthy volunteers. METHODS: The research sample consisted of 172 volunteer adult students who conformed to the inclusion criteria. These individuals were assigned into an experimental (n=86) and a control group (n=86) by a simple randomization method. All individuals in the experimental and control groups wereexperimentally subjected to pain for two minutes by applying 260 mmHg of pressure 3-4 cm above the antecubital region of the left arm with an aneroid adult-type blood pressure instrument. During the procedure, the volunteers in the experimental group watched virtual reality images, while those in the control group received no intervention. Immediately after the procedure, the pain levels of the individuals in both groups were assessed with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS: We found that the mean pain score of the individuals in the experimental group was 2.62±1.82, and that of individuals in the control group was 5.75±1.65. Results of the statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the mean pain scores of the individuals in the experimental and control groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study found that the use of virtual reality was effective in reducing the level of pain in healthy individuals. This method used a smartphone with widespread availability and ease of transportation, which can be used by health professionals as a non-pharmacological method in the management of pain.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de la aplicación de realidad virtual en el dolor isquémico experimental creado con un instrumento de presión arterial en voluntarios sanos. MÉTODO: La muestra de investigación consistió en 172 estudiantes adultos voluntarios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. A estos individuos se les asignó mediante un método de aleatorización simple en un grupo experimental (n = 86) y uno de control (n = 86). Todos los individuos en los grupos experimentales y de control fueron sometidos experimentalmente a dolor durante dos minutos aplicando 260 mmHg de presión 3-4 cm por encima de la región antecubital del brazo izquierdo con un instrumento de presión arterial aneroide tipo adulto. Durante el procedimiento, los voluntarios en el grupo experimental observaron imágenes de realidad virtual, mientras que los del grupo de control no recibieron ninguna intervención. Inmediatamente después del procedimiento, los niveles de dolor de los individuos en ambos grupos se evaluaron con una Escala Analógica Visual (EAV). RESULTADOS: Se encontró que el puntaje promedio de dolor de los individuos en el grupo experimental fue 2.62 ± 1.82, y el de los individuos en el grupo control fue de 5.75 ± 1.65. Los resultados del análisis estadístico mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las puntuaciones medias de dolor de los individuos en los grupos experimental y control (p<0,000). CONCLUSÃO: Se encontró en este estudio que el uso de la realidad virtual fue efectivo para reducir el nivel de dolor en individuos sanos. Este método, que se lleva a cabo mediante el uso del teléfono inteligente y que ofrece una amplia disponibilidad y facilidad de transporte, puede ser utilizado por profesionales de la salud como un método no farmacológico en el tratamiento del dolor.

Regulatory T cell levels in children with asthma.

Natural regulatory T (nTreg) cells are described by expression of a specific transcription factor, FOXP3, on CD4+CD25+ cells. They play very important roles in the suppression of allergic reactions and disorders. The aim of this study was to obtain peripheral blood Treg levels among atopic asthmatic patients before and during inhaled steroid treatment and to observe the effect of these cells on the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma. CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells obtained from 20 healthy donors and from 16 atopic asthmatic patients before and after inhaled glucocorticoid treatment were examined by flow cytometer. The levels of CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells were higher in asthmatic children who had been receiving inhaled glucocorticoids, when compared to the control group and to the patients' levels before treatment (p<0.05). The present study suggests that at least one of the anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled glucocorticoids in asthma depends upon induction of Treg cells.

Modeling of catalytic ozonation process in a three-phase reactor.

In this research, the main objective was to determine the flow characteristics of a three-phase reactor in order to use this knowledge in the modeling of catalytic ozonation of aqueous dye solutions. Therefore, the stimulus-response method was used in the tracer experiments; thus, the degree of liquid mixing in the reactor was estimated by means of residence time distribution, Peclet number and axial dispersion coefficient in the presence and the absence of the catalyst. Experimental data were obtained by performing the catalytic ozonation of aqueous Acid Red-151(AR-151) and Remazol Brilliant Blue-R (RBBR) dye solutions, in the presence of perfluorinated-octyl-alumina (PFOA) catalyst particles at different operating conditions. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), the dye and ozone concentrations in the liquid phase were measured at the steady state along the height of the column reactor and at the exit. According to the results, it was observed that the gas-liquid reactor without the catalyst particles showed a hydrodynamic behavior equivalent to two or three completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in-series for the conventional ozonation process. The presence of catalyst particles caused the flow behavior of the three phase reactor to approach to one CSTR or two CSTRs in-series depending on the gas and liquid flow rates so that the modeling of the catalytic ozonation process was done satisfactorily on that basis. The modeling results showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental ones in the prediction of outlet dye and dissolved ozone concentrations from the reactor, especially at relatively high gas velocities (QG=150 and 200 L h(-1)) for AR-151, where the dissolved ozone concentration was not limited. However, the discrepancy was about 15% between the theory and experiment at the lower gas flow rates due to the limited ozone concentrations with respect to the dye concentrations at the high inlet dye concentration of AR-151 (CD,i=100 mg L(-1)). For RBBR, the predicted and experimental values were very close to each other since ozone limitation or dye abundance was not realized in these experiments.

A kinetic study on the decolorization of aqueous solutions of Acid Red-151 by ozonation.

The ozonation kinetics of an azo dye, namely, Acid Red-151 was investigated. Effects of pH, initial ozone, and initial dye concentrations on the ozonation of the dye were studied. The reaction orders were found to be one with respect to both ozone and dye concentrations for the studied pH range of 2.5-10. The reaction rate constants were obtained as 125.8, 95.4, 87.9, and 129.9 L mmol(-1) min(-1) at the pH values of 2.5, 5, 7, and 10, respectively. The initial ozonation rate decreased with the increasing pH from 2.5 to 7. A further increase of pH to 10, yielded higher initial rates compared to the rates at pH = 5 and 7. However, increasing the initial dye and ozone concentrations increased the initial ozonation rate of the dye. Depending upon the initial conditions, up to 99% decolorization was achieved by ozonation in the present system. Also, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was partially reduced by ozone; the highest COD reduction being 58%, occurred at pH = 2.5, initial ozone and dye concentrations being 0.0360 and 0.0440 mmol/L, respectively.